Department of Sociology
ABSTRACT
In this paper an attempt is made to
study the Juvenile Delinquency in slum of Solapur city. Solapur city has got more than 12 lakhs of
population within which 220 slums are there. In these slums 2.20 lakhs of
people are living. Delinquency is the type of abnormality. The problem of Juvenile
delinquency in Solapur city is very severe. These delinquents also include in
sealing bulbs, shoes, cloths, water tabs and snatch gold ornaments of people
crowded in the temple and at the time of jatra or in any crowded place. Some
time, they do deliberately pick pocketing also. Poverty, absence of education,
lack of parental care, love and affection are main causes of juvenile
delinquency. For the purpose of this study, observation and detailed interview
method is employed. The requested additional information is collected by
informal discussion with slum community people and leaders.
Keywords -
Slums, Juvenile, Deliqnency
Introduction -
Slum punctuate all most every city of
the world. This has become a universally accepted reality and an inevitable
phenomena accompanying urban growth in all countries of the world.
Slums are a reality of
urban life and society. Every city in the world has a slum, where the poor live
a miserable life. It is an area where the causes of social in justice are
evident. The slum dwellers are mostly rural migrants who have left their farms
and have come to the cities in search of work.
According to Bergal,
"Slums may be characterized as area of sub-slandered housing condition
within a city."
Solapur is situated on
border of Andra Pradesh, Karnataka and Maharashtra .
The Municipal corporation covers an area of 180 sq. km. Today' is population of
this city is more than 12 lacks. This city has got 220 declared slums consists
of 2.20 lacks of population. The survey of Solapur city slums revealed that, in
slum area the problem of juvenile delinquency is also severe. It was also
learnt that, a number of times these young juveniles were caught hold of and
taken to police station and also admitted in remind home and certified schools.
It is a fact that there are young girls offenders living in these slums. Thus,
juvenile delinquency is also serious problem of slums.
Delinquency is a type of
abnormality. It includes peddling and begging disorderly conduct malicious
mischief and ungovernable behavior itself a polyglot.
Juvenile delinquent is
defined by Memorial, in terms of period of Juvenile, that ranges from 7 to 21
years.
Generally slum parents
have more children than they can support. Ignorance and economic strain make
them indifferent to the proper development of their children who are usually unwelcome
guests in their families. These unfortunate children are totally neglected by
their parents. They absent themselves from home without reasonable cause or
without the consent of parents and they tend to develop gangsterism. They
commit petty, thefts, minor crimes, picking pockets and smuggling liquor and
drugs.
STUDY AREA -
The
district of Solapur is one of the most important districts of the Maharashtra
Sate both in terms of area and population. It lies entirely in the Bhima basin
and located between 17o10' North to 18o32' North latitudes and 74o42' east to
76o25' east longitudes. The total geographical area of the Solapur district is
about 14895 square kilometers with a population more than above 10 lacks to
2011 censes. The region under study constitutes 4.88% area and 4.51% population
of the Maharashtra state. It ranks 4th
in terms of area 7th in terms of population among the districts of Maharashtra . Physiographically the region is divided into
three major divisions such as hilly region, the plateau region and low land
plain region. The region is drained but the river Bhima and its tributaries.
The climate of Solapur District is monsoon in nature. The district entirely
lies in drought prone are of Maharashtra
State
HYPOTHESIS -
The
Children who are badly neglected in various spheres are reflected resulted in a
formation of bad habits and absence of love, care, protection of their parents
and bad socio-economic condition creates juvenile delinquency.
OBJECTIVES -
In
order to study the magnitude of the problems and causes of juvenile
delinquency, the study aims :
1) To study socio-economic condition of the
families of the respondents and examining whether, there is any significant
co-relation between family and the delinquent behavior.
2) To find out whether the delinquent behaviour
has any psycho-social problem such as need of affection social contact etc.
3) To study the nature of parent-children
relationship, whether it has any part to play the delinquent behaviour of
children and study their anti-social habits.
SOURCES OF THE DATA -
On the Basis of general
information there are three typical slums, out of 220 slums, which are
officially declared by Solapur Municipal Corporation are selected.
They are,
1.
Modi Harijan Vasti
2.
Nirale Vasti (Umbrajkar Vasti)
3.
Ghongade Vasti
The Modi Harijan Vasti
has got 466 households, out of which 56 (i.e. 12%) are selected by the simple
random sampling method. The slum Nirale Vasti or Umbrajkar Vasti has 297 house
holds, out of which 36 (i.e.12%) are selected on the same basis. The slum
Ghongade Vasti Consists of 85 house holds, out of which 10 (i.e.12%) are
selected by simple random sample method. Thus the sample of 102 house holds are
drawn and it can be said to be fairly representative one and each house I have
taken interview of one male or female respondents who are heads of the family.
For
the purpose of this study, the observation and detailed interview methods were
employed. Census reports and the valuable records in the Municipal Corporation
and police stations have also been referred for getting required data. The
required additional information is also collected by discussion with the
concerned leaders and workers in the slum communities. These have been highly
helpful in this study.
METHODOLOGY ADOPTED -
The
data thus collected has been processed and proportions prefer tags were
calculated. Processed data was tabulated and same data was interpreted
accordingly. Juvenile delinquency is one of the most important social problems
of modern society. In the recent years juvenile delinquency has also emerged as
a result of rapid urbanization and industrialization. Due to process of
urbanization, family life has been affected and there ample convenient to the
growth of family disorganization and juvenile delinquency.
The Study of Solapur city
slums revealed that in slum area the problem of juvenile delinquency is very
severe. In the discussion with the slum people, it was learnt that, there are
children who steal coal in the railway yard, they also catch hold of the
domestic chickens, these delinquents also indulge in stealing bulbs, shoes,
cloths and water-taps and snatch gold ornaments of people crowded in the
temples, bazaar and at the time of jatra (Gadda fair).
Some times they are
deliberately pick-pocketing also. It was also learnt that, a number of times
these young juveniles were caught hold of and taken to police station and also
admitted in Remand Home and certified schools. It is fact that, there are young
girls offenders living in these slums.
The study revealed that
there are 10 juvenile delinquents who are recorded in police station from these
slums. Discussion with the family members and leaders in slum area 14
unrecorded juvenile delinquents are also found in this slums. It means out of
102 house-holds, totally 24 juvenile delinquents are found. It means 23% house
holds are having juvenile delinquents in these slums.
A child becomes a truant
or vagrant or beggar just because, he belongs to the lower class or his
laziness or perhaps has fallen in bad company. The roots of these psychological
problems are usually in the faulty or pathological family situation sibling
rivalry or differential treatments given to children by the parents of family
alone and the ways in which a child reacts to these interactions.
The main roots of
juvenile delinquency are,
1.
Influence of the family
2.
Neighborhood and peer groups
3.
Urbanization and Industrialization
4.
Community and societal problems
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESSIONS -
1. The child id not only to be a member of
family but also a worker in an occupation, a member of community and so he must
be able to contribute of the values of life. This is possible only when good
habits are adopted at the young age.
2. Slums are largely a product of poverty and
majority of slum children belong to poor parents.
3. Generally the slum parents are illiterate
with pay their distressing social life. They pay little caret for the education
of their children.
4. Bad socio-economic condition creates bad
habits which leads to delinquency.
Juvenile
delinquency is one of the most important social problems of modern society. The
study revealed that, in the slums of Solapur, the problem of juvenile
delinquency is severe. Crime in the family will not but, influenced the
children who are in the impressionable age group. In slum area children lacked
even basic necessities. In slum area there was no emotional bond nor was there
any recreation, facilities. Because of poverty and hard work children are badly
neglected in various sphere and they indulged in bad company, which creates bad
habits. Children usually indulge in delinquent behavior companionship with
others. Due to lack of proper guidance and parental care children behave
abnormally.
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